George Whitefield Sermon: “The Indwelling of the Spirit the Common Privilege of All Believers” ((From George Whitefield, Sermons on Important Subjects (London: Thomas Tegg, 1833), 430–440.))

George Whitefield first preached this sermon on John 7:37–39 at St. Mary the Virgin, the parish church of Bexley, Kent, on Pentecost Sunday, 1739. It was later published at the request of the church’s minister, Henry Piers. This sermon reveals Whitefield the devoted Anglican who sincerely sought the reformation of the Church of England and was scandalized at the nominalism of far too many of her ministers. It also well reveals Whitefield the lover of sinners, who gave up so much to trumpet forth the mercy and grace of his Master. Finally, the focus on the gift of the Spirit is typical of the sort of Christianity produced by the revivals of the eighteenth century: profoundly convinced that the Holy Spirit is absolutely vital for the existence and flourishing of New Testament Christianity.

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Nothing has rendered the cross of Christ of less effect, nothing has been a greater stumbling-block and rock of offence to weak minds, than a supposition now current among us, that most of what is contained in the gospel of Jesus Christ was designed only for our Lord’s first and immediate followers, and consequently calculated for one or two hundred years. Accordingly, many now read the life, sufferings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, in the same manner as learned men read Caesar’s Commentaries, or the conquests of Alexander—as things rather intended to afford matter for speculation than to be acted over again in and by us. As this is true of the doctrine of the gospel in general, so it is in particular of the operations of God’s Spirit upon the hearts of believers; for we no sooner mention the necessity of our receiving the Holy Ghost in these last days, as well as formerly, but we are looked upon by some as enthusiasts and madmen, and by others represented as wilfully deceiving the people, and undermining the established constitution of the Church. Judge ye, then, my brethren, whether it is not high time for the true ministers of Jesus Christ who have been themselves made partakers of this heavenly gift, to lift up their voices like a trumpet, and, if they would not have those souls perish for which the Lord Jesus has shed his precious blood to declare, with all boldness, that the Holy Spirit is the common privilege and portion of all believers in all ages; and that we also, as well as the first Christians, must receive the Holy Ghost ere we can be truly called the children of God.

John 7:37–39: “In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. But this spake he of the Spirit which they that believe on him should receive.”

For this reason (and also that I might answer the design of our Church in appointing the present festival) I have chosen the words of the text. They were spoken by Jesus Christ, when, as the evangelist tells us, he was at the Feast of Tabernacles. Our Lord (herein leaving all an example) attended on the temple service in general, and the festivals of the Jewish Church in particular. The festival at which he was now present was that of the Feast of Tabernacles, which the Jews observed according to God’s appointment, in commemoration of their living in tents. At the last day of this feast it was customary for many pious people to fetch water from a certain place, and bring it on their heads, singing this anthem out of Isaiah: “And with joy shall they draw water out of the wells of salvation” [Isa 12:3]. Our dear Lord Jesus observing this, and it being his constant practice to spiritualize everything he met with, cries out, “If any man thirsteth, let him come unto me, rather than unto that well, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath spoken (where it is said, God will make water spring of a dry rock, and such like), out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water” [John 7:37-38]. And that we might know what our Saviour meant by this living water, the evangelist immediately adds: “But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive” [John 7:39]. These last words I shall chiefly insist on in the ensuing discourse, and shall treat on them in the following manner: First, I shall briefly show; what is meant by the word Spirit. Secondly, I shall show that this Spirit is the common privilege of all believers. Thirdly, I shall show the reason on which this doctrine is founded. Lastly, I shall conclude with a general exhortation to believe on Jesus Christ, whereby alone we can be qualified to receive this Spirit.

And, first, I am briefly to show what is meant by the Spirit. By the Spirit, or the Holy Ghost, is to be understood the third person in the ever-blessed Trinity, consubstantial and co-eternal with the Father and the Son, proceeding from, yet equal to them both; for, to use the words of our Church in this day’s office, that which we believe of the glory of the Father, the same we believe of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, without any difference or inequality. Thus says St John, in his First Epistle, chapter 5, verse 7: “There are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, and these three are one.” ((This verse is only found in some very late manuscripts from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.)) And our Lord, when he gave his apostles commission to go and teach all nations, commands them to baptize in the name of the Holy Ghost as well as of the Father and the Son. And St. Peter (Acts 5, verse 3) said to Ananias, “Why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost?” And (verse 4) he says, “Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God.” From all which passages it is plain that the Holy Ghost is truly and properly God, as well as the Father and the Son. This is an unspeakable mystery, but a mystery of God’s revealing, and therefore to be assented to with our whole hearts; seeing God is not a man that he should lie, nor the son of man that he should deceive.

I proceed, secondly, to prove that the Holy Ghost is the common privilege of all believers. But, here I would not be understood of so receiving the Holy Ghost, as to enable us to work miracles, or show outward signs and wonders. For I allow our adversaries that to pretend to be inspired, in this sense, is being wise above what is written. Perhaps it cannot be proved, that God ever interposed in this extraordinary manner, but when some new revelation was to be established, as at the first settling of the Mosaic and Gospel dispensation. And as for my own part, I cannot but suspect the spirit of those who insist upon a repetition of such miracles at this time. For the world being now become nominally Christian at least (though, God knows, little of the power is left among us), there need not outward miracles, but only an inward co-operation of the Holy Spirit with the Word, to prove that Jesus is that Messiah which was to come into the world. Besides, it is possible for thee, O man, to have faith, so as to be able to remove mountains, or cast out devils; nay, thou mightest speak with the tongue of men and angels, yea, and bid the sun stand still in the midst of heaven, yet, what would all these gifts of the Spirit avail thee, without being made partaker of his sanctifying graces? Saul had the spirit of government for a while, so as to become another man, and yet was a castaway. And, many who cast out devils in Christ’s name, at the last will be disowned by him. If, therefore, thou hadst only the gifts, but wast destitute of the graces of the Holy Ghost, they would only serve to lead thee with so much the more solemnity to hell. Here, then, I say, we join issue with our adversaries, and will readily grant, that we are not in this sense to be inspired, as were our Lord’s first apostles.

But unless men have eyes which see not, and ears that hear not, how can they read the latter part of the text, and not confess that the Holy Spirit, in another sense, is the common privilege of all believers, even to the end of the world? “This spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him shall receive.” Observe, he does not say, they that believe on him for one or two ages, but they that believe on him in general: that is, at all times, and in all places. So that, unless we can prove that St. John was under a delusion when he wrote these words, we must believe that we, even we also, shall receive the Holy Ghost, if we believe on the Lord Jesus with our whole hearts. Again, our Lord, just before his bitter passion, when he was about to offer up his soul an offering for the sins of the world; when his heart was most enlarged, and he would undoubtedly demand the most excellent gifts for his disciples, prays, “That they all may be one, as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us. I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one” [John 17:21]; that is, that all his true followers might be united to him by his Holy Spirit, by as real, vital, and mystical a union, as there is between Jesus Christ and the Father. I say, all his true followers; for it is evident from our Lord’s own words, that he had us and all believers in view, where he put up this prayer: “Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word” [John 17:20]; so that, unless we treat our Lord as the high priests did, and count him a blasphemer, we must confess that all who believe in Jesus Christ, through the word or ministration of the apostles, are to be joined to Jesus Christ by being made partakers of the Holy Spirit.

There is a great noise made of late, about the word enthusiast, and it has been cast upon the preachers of the gospel as a term of reproach. But every Christian, in the proper sense of the word, must be an enthusiast, that is, must be inspired of God, or have God in him; for who dares say, he is a Christian, till he can say “God is in me?” St. Peter tells us, we have many great and precious promises, that we may be made partakers of the divine nature. Our Lord prays that we may be one, as the Father and he are one; and our own Church, in conformity to these texts of Scripture, in her excellent communion-office, tells us that those who receive the sacrament worthily “dwell in Christ, and Christ in them; that they are one with Christ, and Christ with them.” And yet Christians, in general, must have their names cast out as evil, and ministers in particular must be looked upon as deceivers of the people for affirming that we must be really united to God, by receiving the Holy Ghost. Be astonished, O heavens, at this! Indeed, I will not say our letter-learned preachers deny this doctrine in express words. But, however, they do it in effect; for they talk professedly against inward feelings, and say, we may have God’s Spirit without feeling it, which is in reality to deny the thing itself. And had I a mind to hinder the progress of the gospel, and to establish the kingdom of darkness, I would go about, telling people, They might have the Spirit of God, and yet not feel it.

But to return: when our Lord was about to ascend to his Father, and our Father; to his God, and our God, he gave his apostles this commission: “Go and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost” [Matt 28:19]. By the term, “all nations,” it is allowed, are meant all that should profess to believe on Jesus always, even to the end of the world. And accordingly, by authority of this commission, we do baptize them in this and every age of the Church. And if this be true, then the proposition to be proved will be undeniable. For though we translate these words “baptizing them in the name,” yet as the name of God in the Lord’s Prayer and several other places signifies his nature, they might as well be translated thus, “baptizing them into the nature of the Father, into the nature of the Son, and into the nature of the Holy Ghost.” And consequently, if we are all to be baptized into the nature of the Holy Ghost, ere our baptism be effectual to salvation, it is evident that we all must actually receive the Holy Ghost, ere we can say, We truly believe in Jesus Christ. For no one can say, That Jesus is my Lord, but he that has thus received the Holy Ghost.

Numbers of other texts might be quoted, to make this doctrine, if pos­sible, still more plain; but I am astonished that any who call themselves members—much more, that many who are preachers—of the Church of England, should dare so much as open their lips against it. And yet—with grief, God is my judge, I speak it—persons of the Established Church seem more generally to be ignorant of it than any Dissenters whatsoever. But, my dear brethren, what have you been doing? How often have your hearts given your lips the lie? How often have you offered God the sacrifice of fools, and had your prayers turned into sin, if you approve of and use our excellent Church Liturgy, and yet deny the Holy Spirit to be the portion of all be­lievers? In the daily absolution, the minister exhorts the people to pray that God would grant them repentance, and his Holy Spirit; in the Collect for Christmas-day, we beseech God that he would daily renew us by his Holy Spirit; in the last week’s Collect, ((A type of small prayer in the Anglican Book of Common Prayer.)) we prayed that we may evermore rejoice in the comforts of the Holy Ghost; and in the concluding prayer which we put up every day, we pray not only that the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, but that the fellowship of the Holy Ghost may be with us all evermore. But further, a solemn season is now approaching—I mean the Ember-days—at the end of which, all that are to be ordained to the office of a deacon are, in the sight of God and in the presence of the congregation, to declare that they trust they are inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost to take upon them that administration; and to those who are to be ordained priests, the bishop is to repeat these solemn words, “Receive thou the Holy Ghost, now committed unto thee by the imposition of our hands.” And yet—O that I had no reason to speak it!—many that use our forms, and many that have witnessed this good confession, yet dare talk and preach against the necessity of receiving the Holy Ghost now as well as formerly; and not only so, but cry out against those who do insist upon it, as madmen, enthusiasts, schismatics, and underminers of the Established constitution. But you are the schismatics—you are the bane of the Church of England, who are al­ways crying out, “The temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord!” and yet starve the people out of our communion, by feeding them only with the dry husks of dead morality, and not bringing out to them the fatted calf—I mean the doctrines of the operations of the blessed Spirit of God. But here is the misfortune—many of us are not led by, and therefore no wonder that we cannot talk feelingly of, the Holy Ghost. We subscribe to our Articles, and make them serve for a key to get into church preferment, and then preach contrary to those very Articles to which we have subscribed. Far be it from me to charge all the clergy with this hateful hypocrisy. No; blessed be God, there are some left among us who dare maintain the doctrines of the Reformation, and preach the truth as it is in Jesus. But—I speak the truth in Christ, I lie not—the generality of the clergy are fallen from our Articles, and do not speak agreeably to them, or to the form of sound words delivered in the Scriptures. Woe be unto such blind leaders of the blind! How can you escape the damnation of hell? It is not all your learning (falsely so called)—it is not all your preferments, can keep you from the just judgment of God. Yet a little while, and we shall all appear before the tribunal of Christ. There, there will I meet you. There Jesus Christ, that great shepherd and bishop of souls, shall determine who are the false prophets, who are the wolves in sheep’s clothing—those who say that we must now receive and feel the Holy Ghost or those who exclaim against it as the doctrine of devils.

But I can no more. It is an unpleasant task to censure any order of men, especially those who are in the ministry; nor would anything excuse it but necessity—that necessity which extorted from our Lord himself so many woes against the scribes and Pharisees, the letter-learned rulers and teach­ers of the Jewish Church: and, surely, if I could bear to see people perish for lack of knowledge, and yet be silent towards those who keep from them the key of true knowledge, the very stones would cry out. Would we restore the Church to its primitive dignity, the only way is to live and preach the doctrine of Christ, and the Articles to which we have subscribed: then we shall find the number of Dissenters will daily decrease, and the Church of England become the joy of the whole earth.

I am now, in the third place, to show the reasonableness of this doctrine. I say, the reasonableness of this doctrine, for however it may seem foolishness to the natural man, yet to those who have tasted of the good word of life, and have felt the powers of the world to come, it will appear to be founded on the highest reason, and is capable, to those who have eyes to see, even of a demonstration. I say of a demonstration; for it stands on this self-evident supposition, that we are fallen creatures, or, to use the Scripture expression “have all died in Adam” [Rom 5:12]. I know, indeed, it is now a common thing among us to deny the doctrine of original sin, as well as the divinity of Jesus Christ, “who is God over all, blessed forever” [Rom 9:5]. But it is incumbent on those who deny it, first to disprove the authority of the Holy Scriptures. If thou canst prove, thou unbeliever, that the book which we call the Bible does not contain the lively oracles of God—if thou canst show that holy men of old did not write this book, as they were inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost—then will we give up the doctrine of original sin; but, unless thou canst do this, we must insist upon it, that we are all conceived and born in sin; if for no other, yet for this one reason, because that God, who cannot lie, has told us so. But what has light to do with darkness, or polite infidels with the Bible?

Alas! as they are strangers to the power, so they are generally as great strangers to the Word of God: and therefore, if we will preach to them, we must preach from their hearts; for talking in the language of the Scripture is but like talking in an unknown tongue. Tell me, then, O man, whosoever thou art, that deniest the doctrine of original sin—if thy conscience be not seared as with a hot iron—tell me, if thou dost not find thyself by nature to be a motley mixture of brute and devil? I know these terms will stir up the whole Pharisee in thy heart; but let not Satan hurry thee hence—stop a little, and let us reason together. Dost thou not find that by nature thou art prone to pride? Otherwise, wherefore art thou now offended? Again, dost thou not find in thyself the seeds of malice, revenge, and all unchar­itableness? And what are these but the very tempers of the devil? Again, do we not all by nature follow, and suffer ourselves to be led by our natural appetites, always looking downwards, never looking upwards to that God in whom we live, move, and have our being? And what is this but the very na­ture of the beasts that perish? Out of thy own heart, therefore, will I oblige thee to confess, what an inspired apostle has long since told us, that the whole world by nature lies in the wicked one, that is, the devil; that we are no better than those whom St. Jude calls brute beasts; for we have tempers in us all, by nature, that prove to a demonstration, that we are altogether earthly, sensual, devilish.

And this, by the way, will serve as another argument to prove the reality of the operations of the blessed Spirit on the hearts of believers, against those false professors who deny there is any such thing as influences of the Holy Spirit, that may be felt. For if they will grant that the devil worketh, and that so as to be felt, in the hearts of the children of disobedience (which they must grant, unless they will give an apostle the lie), where is the won­der that the good Spirit should have the same power over those that are truly obedient to the faith of Jesus Christ?

But to return. If it be true, then, that we are all by nature a motley mix­ture of brute and devil, it is evident that we must all receive the Holy Ghost, ere we can dwell with and enjoy God. When you read how the prodigal in the Gospel was reduced to so low a condition, as to eat husks with swine, and how Nebuchadnezzar was turned out to graze with oxen, I am confident you pity their unhappy state. And when you hear how Jesus Christ will say, at the last day, to all that are not born again of God, “Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels,” do not your hearts shrink within you with a secret horror? And if creatures with only our degree of goodness cannot bear even the thoughts of dwelling with beasts or devils, to whose nature we are so nearly allied, how do we imagine God, who is infinite goodness and purity itself, can dwell with us, while we are partakers of both their natures? We might as well think to reconcile heaven and hell.

When Adam had eaten the forbidden fruit, he fled and hid himself from God. Why? Because he was naked; that is he was alienated from the life of God, the due punishment of his disobedience. Now, as we are all by nature naked and void of God, as he was at that time; and consequently, till we are changed, and clothed upon by a divine nature again, we must fly from God also. Hence, then, appears the reasonableness of our being obliged to receive the Spirit of God—it is founded on the doctrine of original sin: and there­fore you will always find that those who talk against feeling the operations of the Holy Ghost very rarely, or very slightly at least, mention our fall in Adam. No, they refer St. Paul’s account of the depravity of unbelievers only to those of old time; whereas it is obvious, on the contrary, that we are all equally included under the guilt and consequences of our first parents’ sin, even as others; and, to use the language of our own Church article, bring into the world with us a corruption, which renders us liable to God’s wrath, and eternal damnation. Should I preach to you any other doctrine, I should wrong my own soul—I should be found a false witness towards God and you. And he that preaches any other doctrine, howsoever dignified and dis­tinguished, shall bear his punishment, whosoever he be. From this plain rea­son, then, appears the necessity why we, as well as the first apostles, in this sense, must receive the Spirit of God. For the great work of sanctification, or making us holy, is particularly referred to the Holy Ghost: and therefore our Lord says: “Unless a man be born of the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God” [ John 3:5]. For Jesus Christ came down to save us, not only from the guilt, but also from the power of sin. And, however often we have repeat­ed our creed, and told God we believe in the Holy Ghost, yet if we have not believed in him, so as to be really united to Jesus Christ by him, we have no more concord with Jesus Christ than Belial himself.

And now, my brethren, what shall I say more? Tell me, are not many of you offended at what has been said already. Do not some of you think, though I mean well, yet I have carried the point a little too far? Are not oth­ers ready to cry out, “If this be true, who then can be saved?” Is not this driving the people into despair? Yes, I ingenuously confess it is. But into what despair? A despair of mercy through Christ? No, God forbid; but a despair of living with God without receiving the Holy Ghost. And I would to God, that not only all you that hear me this day, but that the whole world, were filled with this despair. Believe me, my brethren, I have been doing no more than you allow your bodily physicians to do every day. If you have a wound in your bodies, and are in earnest about a cure, you bid the surgeon probe it to the very bottom; and shall not the Physician of your souls be allowed the same freedom? And what have I been doing but searching your natural wounds, that I might convince you of your danger, and put you upon apply­ing to Jesus Christ for a remedy? Indeed, I have dealt with you as gently as I could; and now that I have wounded, I come to heal you.

For I was, in the last place, to exhort you all to come to Jesus Christ by faith, whereby you, even you also, shall receive the Holy Ghost. “For this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive.” This, this is what I long to come to. Hitherto I have been preaching only the law, but “behold I bring you glad tidings of great joy.” If I have wound­ed you before, be not afraid; behold, I now bring a remedy for all your wounds; for notwithstanding you are all now sunk into the nature of the beast and devil, yet if you truly believe on Jesus Christ, you shall receive the quickening Spirit promised in the text, and be restored to the glorious liberty of the sons of God. I say, if you believe on Jesus Christ; “for by faith we are saved; it is not of works, lest anyone should boast” [Eph 2:8-10]. And however some men may say, there is a fitness required in the creature, and that we must have a righteousness of our own before we can lay hold on the righteousness of Christ, yet, if we believe the Scripture, “Salvation is the free gift of God in Christ Jesus our Lord; and whosoever believeth on him with his whole heart, though his soul be as black as hell itself, shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.” Behold then I stand up, and cry out in this great day of the feast, “Let everyone that thirsteth, come unto Jesus Christ and drink” [Rev 22:17]. He that believeth on him, out of his belly shall flow not only streams or rivulets, but whole rivers of living water. This I speak, my brethren, of the Spirit, which they that believe on Jesus shall certainly receive. “For Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. He is the way, the truth, the resurrection, and the life. Whosoever believeth on him, though he were dead, yet shall he live” [Heb 13:8; John 11:25]. There is no respect of persons with Jesus Christ. High and low, rich and poor, one with another, may come to him with an humble confi­dence, if they draw near by faith. From him we may all receive grace upon grace. For Jesus Christ is full of grace and truth, and ready to save to the uttermost all that by a true faith turn unto him.

Indeed, the poor generally receive the gospel, and God has “chosen the poor in this world rich in faith” [ James 2:5]. But though “not many mighty, not many noble are called” [1 Cor 1:26], and though it be “easier for a cam­el to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God” [Mark 10:25]; yet even to you that are rich do I now freely offer salvation by Jesus Christ, if you will renounce yourselves and come to Jesus Christ as poor sinners. I say as poor sinners, for the poor in spirit are only so blessed as to have a right to the kingdom of God. And Jesus Christ calls none to him but those that thirst after his righteousness, and feel themselves weary and heavy laden with the burden of their sins. Jesus Christ justifies the ungodly. He “came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance” [Luke 5:32]. Do not then say you are unworthy; for this is a faithful and true saying, and worthy of all men to be received, “That Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners;” and if you are the chief of sinners, if you feel yourselves such, verily Jesus Christ came into the world chiefly to save you. When Joseph was called out of the prison-house to Pha­raoh’s court, we are told, that he stayed some time to prepare himself; but do you come with all your prison clothes about you; come poor, and miserable, and blind, and naked as you are, and God the Father shall receive you with open arms as he did the returning prodigal. He shall cover your nakedness with the best robe of his dear Son’s righteousness, shall seal you with the signet of his Spirit, and feed you with the fatted calf, even with the comforts of the Holy Ghost.

O, let there, then, be joy in heaven over some of you believing. Let me not go back to my Master, and say, Lord, they will not believe my report. Harden no longer your hearts, but open them wide, and let the King of glory in. Believe me, I am willing to go to prison or death for you; but I am not willing to go to heaven without you. The love of Jesus Christ constrains me to lift up my voice like a trumpet. My heart is now full. Out of the abun­dance of the love which I have for your precious and immortal souls, my mouth now speaketh. And I could now not only continue my discourse till midnight, but I could speak till I could speak no more. And why should I despair of any? No, I can despair of no one, when I consider Jesus Christ has had mercy on such a wretch as I am. However you may think of yourselves, I know that by nature I am but half a devil and half a beast. The free grace of Christ prevented me. He saw me in my blood, he passed by me, and said unto me, Live. And the same grace which was sufficient for me is sufficient for you also. Behold, the same blessed Spirit is ready to breathe on all your dry bones, if you will believe on Jesus Christ whom God has sent. Indeed you can never believe on or serve a better Master—one that is more mighty or more willing to save. Indeed, I can say, the Lord Christ is gracious, his yoke is easy, his burden exceedingly light. After you have served him many years, like the servants under the law, were he willing to discharge you, you would say, We love our Master, and will not go from him.

Come then, my guilty brethren, come and believe on the Lord that bought you with his precious blood. Look up by faith and see him whom you have pierced. Behold him bleeding, panting, dying! Behold him with arms stretched out ready to receive you all. Cry unto him as the penitent thief did, “Lord, remember us, now thou art in thy kingdom,” and he shall say to your souls, “Shortly shall you be with me in paradise” [Luke 23:43]. For those whom God justifies, them he also glorifies, even with that glory which he enjoyed with the Father before the world began. Do not say, “I have bought a piece of ground, and must needs go see it; I have bought a yoke of oxen, and must needs go prove them; I have married a wife” [Luke 14:18]; I am engaged in an eager pursuit after the lust of the eye and the pride of life, and therefore cannot come. Do not fear having your name cast out as evil, or being accounted a fool for Christ’s sake. Yet a little while, and you shall shine like the stars in the firmament forever. Only believe, and Jesus Christ shall be to you “wisdom, righteousness, sanctifi­cation, and eternal redemption.” Your “bodies shall be fashioned like unto his glorious body,” and your souls fall into all the fullness of God. “Which may God, of his infinite mercy, grant through Jesus Christ; to whom, with thee, O Father, and thee, O Holy Ghost, three Persons and one God, be ascribed, as is most due, all power, might, majesty, and dominion, now and evermore. Amen. Amen.”